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York & District Beekeepers Association
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Combings Magazine
There
is an introductory course for beginners to be held at the Foxglove Covert Local Nature
Reserve with Askham Bryan College and Richmond BKA to be held on Saturday 17th
and Sunday 18th June. If you are
interested then contact Richmond Secretary Margaret Mc Cord on 01 325 374 524. Foxglove
Covert is on former Ministry of Defence land behind Cambrai Barracks at Catterick. This
short course will be of interest to those of you on the York Beginners Course. Colin
Hattee told me that he collected £1,300 from York Members for Yorkshire BKAs annual
foundation offer. I
have been asked by Colin Hattee to enclose with your Combings, this offer on
mobile phones. As you can see the Association stands to gain by you changing to
Liberty Mobile. This offer has the approval
of the Committee. During
the winter I spent some time transferring York BKA membership lists into my computer. My earliest is February 1982, then May 1997, April
1998, March 2000, March 2001, January 2002, March 2002, May 2002, March 2003, January
2004, May 2004 and June 2005. If
any of you have other dates to hand I will be happy to copy them and return them to you. In
the past when such lists where labouriously typed out, Secretaries were understandably
reluctant to produce them very often, and then store them with the many other pieces of
paper associated with running York Beekeepers. There
does not appear to be much archive material on York BKA, so this is my effort to collect
some. So much information can be stored on
computers these days with minimal effort. Going
back to my list of 1982, there are twelve names on that list that are still members of
York Beekeepers. They have been the backbone
of our Association for over twenty years. During
the dark days of winter I go into my shed and clean up my beekeeping equipment
scraping wax and propolis off frames and boxes and cutting out black brood comb. Some
years ago I started writing the date on the top bars of frames when the frames where
fitted and refitted with foundation. This
year I cleaned a brood frame that was first fitted with foundation in 1984, and refitted
again in 1994 and 1997 it will go back into service in the spring. To
those of you that have just started in the Craft and trying to come to terms with the high
initial cost, if you look after your equipment you will have it for a long time. In
the March edition of Combings Terry Nundy did an item on beestings. Terry continues this theme. Anaphylaxis This
is a condition which is a severe reaction in a person allergic to specific protein. It can
be produced in an allergic subject by penicillin; peanuts; shellfish; and of particular
interest to beekeepers, stings from wasps and bees. The
allergic reaction is often unheralded with no previous history and is severe and
potentially lethal medical emergency. The
speed with which the condition develops and worsens following a sting, added to its
unexpectedness, produces a risk to the victim, greater in those with a pre existing
problem such as heart disease, hypertension
and asthma, and must rapidly and energetically treated. Most
of us when stung experience a local reaction of pain, a white wheal around the sting,
followed by swelling and a red flare in the surrounding tissues. This is known as the triple response and is
produced by the release of histamine around the sting.
The reaction gets no worse because the anti bodies in our tissues limit the
reaction by inhibiting the production of further histamine. In
the allergic person prone to develop anaphylaxis this protective mechanism breaks down and
the normal local reaction rapidly becomes an abnormal generalised reaction. The victim complaining of general itching,
urticaria (ie hives or an allergic rash) and develops swelling in the tissues, especially
in the hands and face, rapid heart rate, difficulty in breathing with spasm of the
airways, faintness and vomiting followed by collapse due to the falling blood pressure and
coma. Speedy
action is required first call the emergency services and only then employ first aid
measures. The
patient should be placed in the recovery position on the left side ideally with head lower
than the legs to maintain blood pressure. As in all life threatening situations it is use
full to remember a sequence of resuscitation measures A, B, C, D = A = Airway In
this order vital functions can be supported in the following ways: Airways
make sure there is no obstruction to breathing.
Remove any dentures. The lateral recovery position helps to avoid tongue
swallowing and prevents vomit being inhaled. Breathing
- check breathing is regular. If respiration becomes very shallow or stops then start
mouth to mouth resuscitation. Cardiac
function check the pulse - if undetectable then external massage should be
started. Drugs
the administration of adrenaline, steroids and oxygen to support the circulation
will not concern the first aider except when the victim knows of his anaphylactoid risk
from a previous episode and carries adrenaline in the form of an Epi pen injection for
self use. This is only available on prescription from a doctor. It
has been said before that first aid should be part of the bee exam curriculum. The
major problem with anaphylactic shock is that it cannot be foreseen in the majority
because a minority will have a history of a previous attack. Therefore
as all beekeepers are at risk, what can be bone to improve the situation? We
should ensure that our apiary sites are well known to family and friends, and if remote, a
map reference is ideal. Always carry a mobile
phone and inform someone if you are going to your bees. If a
beekeeper develops anaphylaxis he may decide to give up beekeeping. He should discuss with his GP the
possibility of carrying an Epi Pen adrenaline injector with him at all times. Medic
Alert bracelets can be obtained which warn of the allergy in case of subsequent emergency
if the victim is unable to communicate. It is
possible to desensitise allergic subjects by giving gradually increasing doses of venom
over a long period. This must always be
carried out in hospital in a specialist clinic where any emergency can be efficiently
dealt with. This
course of immunotherapy may render the patient immune to bee stings, but the only
certainty is to await the response to the next sting. This
course of treatment is not always readily available on the NHS. Finally,
mention should be made of the practice in alternate medicine of giving bee sting therapy
for some ailments. I
believe the current advice from the BBKA is that Beekeepers should refuse to be involved
in this treatment. The
possibility of a negligence charge is too great, as are the risks to the patient. There
is no likely hood of insurance cover, and it is likely that even if the patient signed a
[prior disclaimer, this would not be upheld in court if something unforeseen happened,
such as an anaphylactic reaction. New Formulation Cuprinol I was
speaking to Paul Waites at our last meeting, when he asked me what I knew of a newly
formulated Cuprinol that he uses to treat his hives my answer was short and sweet
nothing. Pauls
father Ron noticed that a recent tin of Cuprinol Clear low odour had a different
composition and smell, so was a little concerned that this new formulation would not be
suitable for beehives. Ronseal have produced a similar low odour product that appears to
have a similar formulation. An
enquiry to Ronseals help desk said that under no circumstances should Ronseal wood
preserver products be used near bees. A
further enquiry to the Cuprinol web site produced this reply: The
chemicals in this product have changed slightly to fit in with new EU regulations which
will be coming into place over the next few years. How ever, it is still suit able for bee
hives. My
thanks to Ron and Paul for this information. It
should be of value to a lot of you. Drones in Queen Cells It is
now early June and we are at the height of the swarming season. When you go through a colony and find sealed
queen cells it is most likely that the colony has already swarmed. If you find queen cells that have not been
sealed, these are the best ones to use to either make up nuclei or leave alone for the
colony to requeen itself. The argument
being that you can see what is in the cell. To
use a sealed cell does not guarantee an imago queen being in side the cell can even
be empty. Here
is another story on the subject supplied by Tom Robinson who rears lots of queens every
year. I
have been raising queen cells and obtaining mated queens for some years. Generally, the
ripe queen cells are either put into mini-nucs or 4/5 frame nucs or into colonies where
the existing queen needs to be replaced. In
2004, there was a beautiful long queen cell of about two inches long, which together with
a normal cell were placed into two 5 frame nuclei, knowing they would emerge in two days
time. After
a week, I examined both colonies, the normal queen cell had emerged but the long queen
cell had not. When I opened it to examine it, I was surprised to see a drone emerged from
it. I
reported this to Professor Francis Ratneiks of Sheffield University who said that this
anomaly was well known and documented. If
you see a very long queen cell in any of your colonies, be aware that there could be a
drone lurking inside. Wax Moth I
received this e.mail from Vera Rider (the original was dated December 2005) who in turn
got it from Colin Howes of the Doncaster Museum & Art Gallery. It later appeared in the YBKA Newsletter. Do
you know of wax moths in Yorkshire bee hives? Earlier
this year I was contacted by Phil Cunningham of Doncaster BKA, concerning the presence of
a wax moth larva in a Doncaster hive. Later
he showed me a stored comb from a hive in Old Denaby which had been well and truly
decimated by wax moth larvae. A discussion
with Harry Beaumont (Yorkshire Naturalists Union Lepidoptera recorder and author of
standard volumes on the moths of Yorkshire) revealed that although there was a history of
Greater Wax moth (Galleria mellonella) and Lesser Wax moth (Achroia grisella) in Yorkshire
going back to the 19th century, records are few and far between. In
recent years many southern moth species have been expanding their range in northern
Britain and an expansion of the population and range of wax moths may well be underway. Increases in the occurrence of wax moths
have been noted elsewhere in England and Wales and a small number of records from south
and east Yorkshire since the late 1990s suggests that things may be on the move in
our region. Although wax moths are very
occasionally caught in moth traps run by lepidopterists, they are far more likely to be
encountered by beekeepers. In
order to monitor the progress and status of wax moths in Yorkshire, I would be most
interested to hear from any members of Beekeeping Associations. Both positive and negative reports will be of
value. The
basic information I require is: - location, date, extent of damage. Specimens
larvae and pupae are not required, but if dead moths or moth wings are available these
would help identify which species are involved. (These can be put into an envelope and
sent to Doncaster Museum and labelled WAX MOTH). If
you can help, then contact Colin Howes, (Environmental Records Section), Doncaster Museum
& Art Gallery, Chequer Road, Doncaster. DN1 2AE. Telephone
01 302 734 289 or e-mail colin.howes@doncaster.gov.uk. Editor's Note: I
first reported greater wax moth in Combings in March 2002. I had found it in
one of my apiaries the previous season. Greater
wax moth larvae are easily identified by their larger size when compared with lesser wax
moth. Wax
moth can be a problem with stored comb. In
the autumn when all my supers are at home, I make a stack of them. Firstly apiece of hard board to keep vermin out,
covered with a sheet of newspaper. Onto the newspaper I sprinkle PDB crystals, two more
supers, newspaper, PDB crystals and continue thus. I
finish with another piece of newspaper then hardboard and a roof. Brood boxes have newspaper between each box. PDB
crystals evaporate, so I repeat this after cleaning my equipment. European Foul Brood On
Monday 15th May, after being
alerted to it by Tom Robinson, I contacted Ivor Flatman for more details. Ivor told me that there was an outbreak of EFB
around Doncaster. The bees in question had
been moved the previous season to work borage near Howden, and is thought to be the source. Ivor has asked that we all be vigilant. Winter Losses This
is the worst winter for a long time for me regarding winter losses. I have lost six out of fourteen colonies. It is many years since I lost even one colony. Three
died out due to dysentery. All three had
collected nectar late on during last autumn and where unable to reduce the water content
and seal it. The weather turned against them
and it was the nearest stores to them and they fed on it with predictable results. As a matter of interest, I have not fed a colony
with sugar syrup as winter stores for many years, letting them live off what they had
collected. Another
colony was a bit iffy going into winter, another came out queenless and the last one died
out with stores all round them. Looking
through my records this colony had a heavy varroa infestation and was treated with
Apiguard. I suspect that this colony had been
left to go into winter with one of the viruses we hear so much about these days. Apiguard
requires temperatures above 15°C to evaporate properly.
We usually put varroa treatment in mid to late September when even day time
temperatures do not always reach this figure and therefore will not be fully effective. Ragwort Poisoning Every
year we hear a plea from horse owners to pull out of the ground any ragwort we see in an
attempt to eradicate it. It is very toxic to
horses and cattle and can result in death. Common
ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) is known by several other names, including: St James Wort,
(because it is in full flower on St James's day - July 25th); Staggerwort (because of its
effect on horses); It is widespread throughout the country, especially favouring dry
overgrazed and neglected land. The
plant is usually considered to be a biennial (ie it flowers and dies in its second year
after being grown from seed). During its first year it appears as dense rosettes of ragged
green leaves close to the ground. Upward growth, and flowering, takes place in the summer
of the second year. The plant grows to between one and three feet tall. It has dense,
flat-topped clusters of yellow daisy-like flowers. The flower stems die back after
producing large numbers of downy seeds. Each flower head produces an average of 55 seeds.
Each plant can produce more than 150,000 seeds, which can remain viable for up to 20
years. Over 70% of the seeds can be expected to germinate. Ragwort
alone probably causes more loss to the livestock industry in the UK than all the other
poisonous plants put together. Ragwort poisoning takes the form of a slow but certain
destruction of the liver. Recovery is impossible once the disease is advanced and signs
occur. There is no known treatment that will halt or delay the progression of the disease
in the liver. Ragwort's
toxicity is due to substances called pyrrolizidine alkaloids. All parts of the plant are
poisonous, including the seeds. Highest concentrations are found in the flowers and then
the leaves. Although pyrrolizidine alkaloids
also occur in other plants, common ragwort presents the greatest risk for animals because
of its widespread distribution in poorly maintained pasture and in grassland used for hay
production. Ragwort
becomes more palatable following cutting and wilting, and after spraying with herbicides. Effects on animals The
pyrrolizidine alkaloids are rapidly absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract. They pass
to the liver where they broken down to produce toxic compounds. Horses and cattle are
thought to be more susceptible than sheep and goats. After
eating the fresh or dried plant, signs may not be seen for several months. The liver is
able maintain normal function until at least two-thirds of the organ has been destroyed.
So the ragwort toxins are able to wreak havoc in the liver without being detected. By the
time the animal shows signs of liver failure the damage is so extensive that treatment is
not possible. Pyrrolizidine
alkaloids have been found in honey produced by bees foraging in an area infested with
common ragwort. The pyrrolizidine concentration was estimated to be 3.0 ppm. Editors
note: I have never seen bees working it but my book "Plants and Beekeeping" by
F.N.Howes states that it is always attractive to bees and is a prolific source of nectar
and pollen. He goes on to say
"Unfortunately the honey, like the plant, is strong flavoured, almost bitter in fact,
and liable to spoil other honey if present in any quantity". Ragwort
is also the main food source for the caterpillar of the cinnabar moth. Both are easy to distinguish - the caterpillar has
black and yellow/orange banding and the moth is a distinctive red and dark green What you all wanted to know ... William
Herod Hempsall (the autocratic and self opinionated beekeeper from the turn of the 19th
century and editor of The British Bee Journal for many years) produced an
ointment to cure American Foul Brood. Past Events
This
years Annual Dinner was held in the Wheelhouse Restaurant at the Ship Inn, Acaster
Malbis. Thirty seven members, their spouses
and friends turned up for the event. Being
laid low with flu I was unable to attend, but all the reports I have heard indicate
that it was a good meal.
Below
is the contents of an e-mail I received from Colin Hattee: The
first meeting of the Yorkshire Field Day 2007organising group took place at Murton. It was pleasing to see so many keen volunteers
a total of ten. Following
a brain storming session numerous ideas emerged. The
only decision made was the date of the event Saturday 9th June 2007 but
I suspect that could change if the venue is not Murton. The
theme will probably be Bee Health and Bee Products. The
involvement of the National Bee Unit was considered essential and the practical side will
likely be concerned microscopic work, shook swarms, pyrethroid testing, foul brood
inspections etc. The bee products section needs further consideration. The
harmonious meeting finished just after 9pm with the agreement that we should reconvene at
All Saints School, Nunnery Lane on Thursday 18th May at 7 pm to view the
alternate venue. Obviously
any member is more than welcome to attend the next meeting and is positively encouraged to
do so.
Yorkshire
BKA held their Spring Conference at the
Buckles Hotel , Tadcaster. The speaker ws
Willie Robson on The work of the Chain Bridge Honey Farm. Nine York Members attended the meeting.
Our
regular monthly meeting at Murton was well attended to hear Norman Carrick speak on
Rothampstead Research Station in Hertfordshire, from its very beginnings in 1843 and the
start of bee research in 1922. They run 50
National hives mainly for research with a honey crop being a bonus. Norman
touched on how far bees move pollen (with regards to GM crops). The
decline in the numbers of species of bumble bees. Twenty species a few years ago are
reduced to six in some areas. Some species are extinct.
Numbers and species of solitary bees are also declining. This he puts down
to changes in agriculture. I
have always assumed that bees memorised the terrain over which they flew. New research has
shown that bees tempted to a feeder, caught, and then released some distance away, flew on
a reciprocal course for a memorised distance to try and return to its hive. Indicating
that bees are able to measure distance accurately. There
where many questions from the floor after Norman had finished speaking.
The
inaugural meeting of the queen rearing group took place on Saturday 18th March
at Murton. Fourteen
members attended when the theory and requirements of queen rearing were explained. A
separate apiary site is also required and it is hoped that this can be identified before
the next meeting on 1st April, where those willing to transfer a colony to
raise queen cells can move their colonies. These
will be used to raise queen cells as both started and finisher colonies. A breeder queen and drone colonies also need to be
considered. There
should be sufficient time to do this work as there is no point in producing queen cells
until there are sufficient drones for them to mate with.
Mid May or early June are the most appropriate times to raise queen and get
them properly mated. Tom Robinson.
The
second meeting of the queen rearing group was held at Murton. It
was decided to carry out queen rearing at Rob Colemans apiary at Plainville Farm, he
will devote three colonies to cell raising. Rob
and Tom will examine colonies to decide on a breeder queen and Rob will use the Cupkit
System purchased by the Association. We will
also use the Warnholz mini nucs. These
can be purchased by individuals and more can be ordered.
Tom Robinson
Mike
Brown the top man from CSL at Sand Hutton spoke to a good crowd of Members
at our regular monthly meeting at Murton. His
topic was mainly about bee diseases and viruses and how at CSL they can diagnose all sorts
of diseases quickly and accurately, even if there is only the smallest amount in the
sample. Viruses
have been around long before varroa came along. It
is the varroa mite that has caused viral outbreaks, giving the virus an entry point into
the bees body. These viruses are not just
found in bees, but in wasps and bumble bees as well. Mike
spoke of lateral flow devises that are available for the detection of AFB and EFB. These devises are very sensitive. (Thornes market these devices at a cost of
£7.21 each. They are easy to use in the field). If
you want more information on diseases, then go on line to www.beebase.csl.gov.uk After
Mike Browns talk business was discussed. We
have 85 full members, 10 associate members and three junior members. Both Yorkshire and BBKA have increased their
capitation fees these are being absorbed by the Association. Sue
Hesp reported that twelve prospective beekeepers have already signed up for this years
course. One of them, John Lehey attended the
meting and was made welcome.
Ten
members of the queen rearing group met at Rob Colemans apiary at Wiggington . A
colony was selected for cell raising (because it was strong) and another for its queen to
use to produce eggs (because the bees where gentle).
The
queen rearing group met again at Rob Colemans apiary.
They prepared a hive to draw out the larvae they will be given into queen
cells. It will be a strong queenless colony
with out any eggs or larvae of its own old enough for them to produce a queen. Instead all
their efforts will go into drawing out the larvae introduced to them.
The queen rearing group met once again at Rob Colemans apiary. They introduced day old larvae into a strong queenless colony for the worker bees to draw out the queen cells. Forthcoming Events
Spring
field day to be hosted by Wharfedale Beekeepers at Bolton Abbey. Starts at 0930 hrs. Speakers are Bill Cadmore from
Leeds BKA, Ceri Collingborn , Apimondia Honey Queen. She is not just a pretty
face. She has read biology at Oxford and
taught it at Cambridge. She also runs 40 colonies of bees.
Also speaking are Richard Jefferson and Phil Askern. Phil Askern has spoken to York BKA in the past. Other attraction are Bolton Abbey itself, Bolton
Abbey village, the River Wharfe and the Embsay Steam Railway. Tickets are £5.00 each plus £3.50 per car. More information from Allan Thompson on 01 756 753
062.
An
apiary meeting at Rob Colemans apiary, Plainville Farm, Plainville Lane, Wiggington. From the North York ring road turn onto the
B 1363 sign posted to Helmsley. After two
miles take the first left, then first right sign posted no through
road/Jacobean pub. Robs is the white
farmhouse just past the pub on your left. Rob
can be contacted on 01 904 762 532.
Lincoln
Show at the show ground on the A15 a few miles north of Lincoln.
An
apiary visit hosted by Ken Barran and Sue Hesp. Location
not known as yet. Contact Sue on 01 904 489 449 nearer the time for details.
Our
Annual Summer Barbeque will be held at the home of Colin and Debbie Hattee. Bring
your own meat, sweets and drinks. All salads,
disposable plates,cutlery and glasses will be provided by the Association. Let Colin and
Debbie know if you are going to attend by Saturday 24th June. In case of inclement weather ring 01 430 860 972.
Thornes
Open Day at Wragby. Sale starts 0900 hrs and
events and workshops from 1100 hrs. Free
entry.
The
Great Yorkshire Show will be held at the showground at Harrogate. Yorkshire BKA are wanting assistants to help at
the bee tent.
Apiary
meeting will be held at Tom Robinsons apiary. Meet
at the A19 Café opposite Wrights
Garage, Crocky Hill.
Royal
Horticultural Society flower show will be held at Tatton Park, Cheshire. It is expensive to get in at £20.00 per person
per day plus £4.00 per car. The show its
self is on a par with the Harrogate flower show.
Driffield
Show. More information call 01 377 257 494. e-mail:
office@driffieldshow.co.uk Also
on the showground is a Farmers Market, held on the first Saturday of every month from 0900
hrs to 1300 hrs. A list of traders shows two
selling honey and hive products.
The
last of this summers apiary meetings is to be hosted by Steve Hudson. The location
of which is not known yet. Ring Steve on 01
904 430 996 nearer the time for details. Steve
says wear body armour.
Tockwith
Show. In the past, York Beekeepers have
manned a stall at the show talking to the public about bees and beekeeping. David Aston has organised this in the past
if you are interested in helping, then give him a call.
Howden
Show
Cawood
Craft Fair
Ken
Barran will give the first of this winters talks.
His topic Heather from the hive to the table. This will be an interesting talk. Ken is a
beekeeper of long standing and knows his subject inside out.
York
Beekeepers Annual General Meeting
National
Honey Show will be held at the RAF Museum, Grahame Parkway, Hendon, North London, NW9 5LL. Entry will cost you £7.00 per person per day. I
have seen an article somewhere that stated that only 418 paying visitors attended the
National Honey Show in 2005. With that attendance I would think that takings would barely
cover costs.
Yorkshire
BKA Annual General Meeting will be held at the Buckles Inn on the A64 between York and
Tadcaster. The speaker is to be Clair Waring and her topic Up close and dangerous.
It sounds intriguing.
York
BKA s Annual Honey Show. More details
later.
York
BKAs auction will be held at Murton.
This
date has been set provisionally for York BKA to host the Yorkshire BKA Spring Field Day.
Apimondia
2007 will be held in Melbourne, Australia. For more information: www.apimondia2007melbourne.com For Sale 1lb
squat honey jars with lids are once again available from Colin Hattee. The new price will be £29.00 per gross. (This is the first increase since May 2004.) Lids on their own are still £4.50 per half gross. Colin will bring your order to meetings or
you can collect them from Colins home by prior arrangement. phone 01 430 860 972. Tired of always ending up with backache every time you go through your hives , do you have to do your beekeeping on your knees ? Then no more, for I have the solution. Purchase one of our purpose made hive stands capable of carrying two or three hives, made of light weigh metal fully galvanised, strong and robust, will last you a life time and find out the pleasures of easy hive manipulation all for the modest cost of £45. Enquiries to Bob Hirst on York 706111. |
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